Improvement in apparatus for evaporating saccharine liquids



P. W. GATES.

Apparatus for Evaporating Sacharne Juices. No. 36,949. l y Patented Nov.18, 1862.

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I). YV, GATES, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

IMPROVEMENT lN APPARATUS FOR EVAPORATING SACCHARINE LIQUIDS.

Spccilicntion [taining part oi' Letters Patent No. 36,9% il, datedNovember li', 15h2- :le it known that I, l). lV'. GA'rlcs, of Ohicago,in the county ol" Cook and State of lllinois, have inventedanew anduseful Improvcnient in Steam-Coil llvaporators lor Sugar and SirupJuices 5 and I do hereby declare that thc iollowingis a full, clear, andexact descrip tion of the same, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, forming part of this specification, in whichliligure l is aplan of an evaporator with my invention applied to it. Fig. 2 is avertical longitudinal section ofthe same. Fig. 3 is a verticaltransverse section of the same. Fig. L is a plan ol" the inventionapplied to a slightly-modified form oi" evaporator. Fig. 5 shows thedamper part oi' the invention applied in connection with a pan whichcooks exclusively by iirc.

Similar letters of reference in the several lignres indicatecorresponding parts.

The nature of my invention consists in the combination of the lire-archhaving a divided lire-ilue, damper, and lateral hot-airline with an eva}orator-pan having a dei'ecating-,apartment anda iinishing-apartment, ashereinafter described.

It consists, secondly, in the combination,withthe hre-arch having adivided Iire-iiue and damper, of steam-coils which operate in conce rtwith the fire-arch in evaporating the juices in the manner hereinafterdescribed.

A, Figs. l, 2, 3, and 5, is aA lire-arch with a lateral extension, A,near its frontend. This extension is built up so as to form a hotairllue, which communica-tes with the fire-cham4 ber of the arch.

B l5 are preparatory heaters mounted upon an elevated part of the arch,said part of the arch being forward ofthe extension.

C is an evaporating-pan with lateral defecating-apartment C. The sidesCl C2 of this pan, except where the defecator is formed, are setinclined, as shown in Fig. The ends of the pan and the inclosing sidesof the dei`e-v cater are vertical. The bottom ot' the defecator is alateral. continuation of the bottom of the pan, and the juice iiowsfreely `from the same upon the bottom of the pan. The pan with defecatoris set upon the rear lower portion of the arch and the extensionthereof, so as to .incline downward to a slight extent as it runsbaclnvard. The defecator C rests uponthc part A. ol' the arch, and belowit an air-chamber communicating with the fire-flue ol' the part A ol'the arch exists. By means ol' this arrangement of aircha1nber thc heatfrom the lire circulatesmoderately under the del'ecator, and heats thesaine sulliciently to .bring the flowing juice up to nearly theboilingpoint. At the extreme rear end ol the pan to one side a verticaldischargegate, n, which opens and closes a let-olli' passage, b, isconstructed as represented. The preparatory heaters, as described, arewell adapted for use in connection with the pan; but they may bedispensed with, as circl'nnstances may sug gest. The pan near its rearend-say about .one foot and six inches from said end-has a tighttransverse partition, *i it, fitted to it, as shown in Fig. 5 in blacklines, and in Figs. l and 2 in red lines, and to thus employ thispartition the rlue D of the arch A is divided by a wall, d, into twolines, c f, which unite into onejust before they arrive at the chiin neyE ol" the arch. They also of 'course unite into one line forward ofthewall. (l. In connection with the ilues ej" a damper, F, is employed.This damper is hinged to the l'ront end ofthe wall, and answers for bothilues c and f. The blacklines show the damper clos ing the llue j', andthe red lines show it closing the ilue c. The ilues c andj' occupy aboutthe last fourth of the arch-flue.

l sometimes arrange on the bottom of the pan steam-coils G G. One ormore ofthe bends of these coils may extend from end to end of the pan,as indicated at 7L h, while the remaining or continuing bends z/ onlyextend forward a distance equal, or thereabout, to the length ofthelines ef, as shown. rlhis, however, must be according to circumstances.The first bends, h h, are on the central part ot' the bottom of the pan,and their receiving ends unite with a common supply-pipe, it", ol'astcam-generator. The last bends, h2 lr', run along .the margins of thepan and unite with. a common exhaust-pipe, ha. and exhausting ends ofthe pipes are to be provided with proper regulating-cocks. Instead ofhaving some of the coils or bends short and others long, they may all beof the same length and extend from end to end ol' the pan.

In Fig. fl; I have shown the steanrcoils and The receiving the pan asused when the preparatory cleansers and heaters are not employed. Inthis construction the elevated part of the arch Which supported thepreparatory eleansers and heaters is not erected. This plan I prefer onaccount of its simplicity.

Iwill here state that one of the steam-coils, G, with bends of unequalor uniform length, may be used alone, but in that case one side ol' thepan (that side Where there is no defe cater) should be vertical and theother side inclined, except at that point where the defecator islocated. The receivingbends in such use Would run alongside the verticalside of the pan instead of at the center of the bottom of the pan.

The operation of the invention, when lire alone is used .for evaporatingthe juice, is as follows: The juice being introduced into the defecatorG from either the preparatory heaters and Cleansers or directly from areservoir, 8,*the moderately-heated condition of the defecator causesthe juice to be raised to nearlythe boiling-point, and the green scumand souriiig matter thereof to be thrown upon the surface of' the juice,and a strong ebullition sets in l'roin the boiling fluid or juice in thepan C, such deleterious scum is prevented from flowing into the pan.Therefore the operator has an opportunity to skiniit eff. The juice, asit flows over the surface of theV bottoni of the pan, is caused by theheat of the arch-iire to deposit its scum upon the inclined sides of thepan. As fast as the juice is thus evaporated and purified, it is dippedover into the charnber formed by the partition :l: di, and is finishedin this chamber in batches7 of three to five gallons, and the doublellue c j" and damper serve to convey the fire away l'roiu the bottoni ofthis chamber, and thus keep the finished sirup and pan from burningwhile the Sirup is being` drawn olf' and another batch is being dippedover the partition to be finished in like manner, as just described.Theheat of the fire is of course allowed to act upon the batch of' srupafter the same is dipped over into the chamber.

The operation of the invention when re and steam combined are used toevaporate the juice is as follows: The juice in passing through thedefccator and over the stca-m-coils is deprived of' its impurities inthesame manner as in thc fire-pan, excepting that the deposit of the scumby the iiiteiisely-lieated receiving steam-bends of the coils is morerapid, owing to the boiling at the center of the pan being more violentfrom the eii'ect ol'thesteam and fire combined; and while this is theease there is, with proper care, no danger of scorching the juice, asthe iire-heat is not increased, but on the contrary may be decreasedwhen the steam is used. As the juice flows .along the coils and bottomof the pan, it may be arrested by a tight transverse partition, :f et,(shown in red lines in Figs. l and 2,) and dipped over the saine intothe finishing-chant ber, and there finished in batches of from three tofive gallons, and While being drawn off the course of the fire and thecirculation of the steam may be cut off' from it, or the partition maybe fitted loose, so that the juice flows under it and directly off'through the gate, or the partition may removed altogether, asrepresented in Fig. 4.

There is great economy in using steam-coils, as the steaiiigeneratorwhich operates the cane-mill of an establishment may be employed to aidin evaporating the juice at a slight ad-l ditional cost.

There is also advantage in finishing thejuicc in batches, as theoperation of' evaporating on the greater surface of' the pan may becarried on rapidly and the finishing operation per formed leisurelywithout loss of' time. Thc

iinishing operation is the bringing of the purilied juice to the properconsistency for inaking sirup or sugar, and to do this too speedilyrenders scorching liable, and to lose time in accomplishing the same inmany instances is impracticable; hence the utility in iinishing iiilarge batches while the evaporating on the main surface of the pan isproceeding.

It also is very essential to first defecatc the juice, and finally it isimportant to have the fire under control at the end ofthe pan, bothwhile the j nice is finished in batches or while continuously iiowing.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-

l. The'cornbination ofthe iire-arcli, damper, eVaporating-liian, anddefecating and finishing chambers, arranged in the manner and for thepurposes herein set forth.

2. lThe combination, with the fire-arch and damper, of steam-coils G Gand evaporati ngpan C C', substantially as and for the purposes hereindescribed.

3. The construction of the steam-coils with longand short bends,substantially as and for the purpose described.

P. XV. GATES.

Vitnesscs:

VILL. A. PRALL, J. L. Foneo.

